AGRO-ECOLOGY: A FUTURE PATH FOR YOUNG PEOPLE IN RURAL AREAS

AGRO-ECOLOGY: A FUTURE PATH FOR YOUNG PEOPLE IN RURAL AREAS

Agro-ecology is increasingly recognized as a crucial model for addressing the ecological, economic, and social challenges of our time. This approach, which integrates ecological principles into land management, offers a sustainable alternative to conventional agriculture, often criticized for its detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Beyond its environmental benefits, agro-ecology also represents a valuable opportunity for youth employment in rural areas, providing solid and rewarding prospects for the future.

Agro-ecology in the European Union (EU) is experiencing significant growth, in response to environmental concerns and sustainability objectives. In 2010, around 9 million hectares of farmland in the EU were farmed organically. By 2021, this number had nearly doubled to 16.9 million hectares, representing 10.4% of the EU's total farmland area. With the EU's "Farm to Table" strategy, there is an ambitious target of reaching 25% organic farmland by 2030. This growth reflects the increasing recognition of agro-ecology as a viable and necessary path for the future of European agriculture.

Agro-Ecology: A sustainable model

Agro-ecology advocates a return to agricultural practices that respect ecosystems, such as crop rotation, agroforestry, the use of natural compost, and the preservation of biodiversity. In 2020, the use of synthetic pesticides in the EU decreased by 12% compared to the previous five years, a trend largely attributed to the adoption of agro-ecological practices. By reducing reliance on chemical inputs and promoting natural methods of fertilization and pest control, agro-ecology not only protects the environment but also improves soil quality, conserves water, and promotes public health. Soil erosion, for instance, affects 25% of farmland in the EU, but agro-ecological practices can reduce erosion by up to 80%.

For example, AlVelAl is a Spanish association focused on landscape restoration through ecosystem recovery, regenerative agriculture, and economic revitalization in southeastern Spain. Founded in 2015, it collaborates with over 450 members, managing more than 16,500 hectares. The organization promotes sustainable development by integrating ecology and economy, aiming to improve rural life while restoring the environment. Through its efforts, AlVelAl has restored over 5,000 hectares of degraded land and increased biodiversity by 30% in the managed areas.

Opportunities for young people in rural areas

In rural areas, where youth unemployment rates are often high, agro-ecology offers attractive employment opportunities. In some EU regions, youth unemployment exceeds 30%, highlighting the critical need for job creation in these areas. Young people, who are often dynamic and open to new ideas, are particularly well-positioned to engage in this growing sector. Whether through starting agro-ecological farms, developing short supply chains, or creating agricultural cooperatives, the possibilities are numerous.

The RedPAC website is a Spanish platform that serves as a meeting point for people and entities involved in rural development and agricultural activities. The site offers resources, news, events, and best practices in innovation, environment, rural revitalization, as well as initiatives for women and youth in rural areas. With over 10,000 active users, RedPAC is a vital resource for connecting young entrepreneurs with opportunities in agro-ecology.

Agro-Ecological Entrepreneurship

Agro-ecology is not limited to agricultural production. It also paves the way for entrepreneurship in various related sectors, such as local product processing, rural tourism, and environmental education. Young people can thus create innovative businesses that valorize local resources while contributing to the economic development of their region. In France, the agro-ecological sector supports over 200,000 jobs, with a growing number of these positions filled by young entrepreneurs.

Zrno eko imanje is the oldest ecological farm in Croatia, active for over 30 years. This farm is a pioneer in organic agriculture, producing more than 100 certified organic products. In addition to agricultural production, it has diversified with a bakery, a retail store, and a restaurant. The farm uses innovative methods such as bio-intensive gardening without tillage and focuses on energy self-sufficiency, research, and innovation. Zrno eko imanje is also an educational center, offering training and professional consultations on sustainable agriculture. The farm has trained over 2,000 young people in sustainable practices, significantly contributing to the spread of agro-ecological methods in Croatia and beyond.

Support and Guidance

To ensure that young people can fully take advantage of the opportunities offered by agro-ecology, adequate support is essential. Public policies must encourage access to land, provide installation aids, and facilitate market access for agro-ecological products. In the EU, young farmers can benefit from start-up grants of up to €70,000, helping them overcome initial financial barriers. Moreover, education and training play a crucial role in transmitting the necessary knowledge and inspiring new generations to invest in this sector. The EU’s CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) has allocated €8.5 billion specifically for young farmers between 2023 and 2027.

The European Union, through its rural development programs, funds projects aimed at supporting agro-ecology and the establishment of young farmers. Initiatives such as the Rural Development Program (RDP) offer grants and technical support to encourage the adoption of agro-ecological practices. By 2021, the RDP had funded over 15,000 agro-ecological projects across the EU, directly supporting young farmers and promoting sustainable practices.